Exposure and Effects of Veterinary Medicines and Pesticides to Aquatic Wildlife in Protected Sites.

Passive quantitative sampling methodology will be employed to allow the full picture of chemical exposure to wildlife to be assessed. Chemical analysis would be selective to chemicals most relevant to remain cost effective.

Based on the above analysis, evidence of exposure above the regulatory acceptable concentrations (RAC) for each substance can be used to assess the potential for adverse effects on aquatic species. Furthermore, the additive or synergistic adverse effects of chemical mixtures can be assessed.

The evidence of effects from the risk assessment evidence may allow direct management practices to mitigate the adverse effects of these chemicals, either at source, in wastewater treatment works or at the protected site.

This work is designed to provide evidence to Natural England, Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Group and DEFRA Biodiversity Pressures Team.